Update: A “Broken” Cool'n'Quiet Implementation

Update: We've received feedback from AMD regarding the power numbers and resulting analysis generated using this piece's platform. We are currently looking at other hardware combination in order to either validate or correct the initial conclusions drawn.

Update 2: After months of retesting, we finally chased down the problem to a BIOS bug with the TA790GX 128M that caused incorrect P-state settings to be applied. Updating the board's BIOS to the latest beta version fixed this problem. So, Cool'n'Quiet is not at fault for the results we saw previously. Instead, what we saw was a broken Cool'n'Quiet implementation. This does affect power consumption measurements with default settings for the Athlon X2 7750. But the other results are still valid, since they were taken with different motherboards that do not exhibit this behavior. The article have been edited to reflect this.

There are very subtle, yet very significant differences between these processors' implementations of Cool'n'Quiet technology. Let's check their respective default voltages, according to CPU-Z:

Using the TA790GX 128M, the Athlon X2 7750 default voltages set for higher p-states (idle mode) are actually higher than the default voltage for lower p-states (performance mode). Let's see how that strange anomaly affects power consumption at idle. On a motherboard with a proper Cool'n'Quiet implementation, the Athlon X2 7750 drops to 1.04V at idle, which is the same as the Athlon X2 7850.

After the BIOS fix was applied, a quick test shows power consumption is about the same (74 watts average). In that regard, power consumption with and without Cool'n'Quiet is not that much different for the Athlon X2 7750 on a Biostar TA790GX 128M.

Athlon X2, Phenom X4, and Athlon II processors will use different clock rates for different cores, independent of each other. Though technically interesting, this adversely affects single-thread, single-core performance when Cool'n'Quiet is enabled, particularly in Windows Vista. Windows 7's scheduler manages threads more efficiently (bounding them around from core to core less often), based on our testing of Intel CPUs under the new operating system, so we'd expect older AMD CPUs to suffer less after an upgrade to 7.

Disclaimer note: of course, changing p-states settings is not without risks. An overly aggressive configuration will likely cause instability/crashes. There's also no guarantee that the savings will be worth your effort. In this regard, hacking p-state settings is no different than overclocking in that you are running the processor outside of its manufacturer's recommended specification. Continue at your own risk.

If you are unsatisfied with the default power management settings, there's a way to squeeze more power savings. As noted before, applications like K10Stat and PhenomMSRTweaker allow you to change this behavior so that clock changes are applied to all cores. You can also use them to edit register values used by Cool'n'Quiet, overriding the default values.

How about newer processors? Although the Phenom II X4 and X3 CPUs have changed the behavior of Cool'n'Quiet (proper setting of voltages and synchronous clock changes for all cores), you can still use those two applications to fine tune voltage settings.

There are other advantages associated with manipulating p-states settings. Unlike tweaking BIOS voltage settings, you can directly monitor the processor's voltage in real time. That means vdroop and offset are already taken into account. In addition, these settings are only applied when you want them to be applied. They are not saved in the BIOS. If a setting is too aggressive and causes problems (the familiar BSOD), a reset will revert their values to default.